Tuning

Early in the 1900s, musicians agreed to standardize the pitch of the note to which they tuned their instruments. They agreed to tune to an A that vibrated at a frequency of 440 cycles per second. When a piano is properly tuned, the A above middle C is set to 440 cycles per second. The piano technician gets the pitch for this note from something that has been precisely calibrated – like a tuning fork or an electronic device.

Standard Tuning

Generally, a piano that is well-maintained will retain its standard pitch for quite a long time. The age of a piano and intended use of a piano determines recommended tuning actions.

New pianos should be tuned three to four times in the first year or two, while strings settle into place. Older pianos should be tuned and cleaned at least once a year.

Pianos that have sat for quite some time need to be carefully inspected for possible repairs. In terms of tuning, sometimes these older instruments, depending on the condition of the piano, may need to be treated as a "new piano" as strings have settled into incorrect positions.

Pianos that are maintained on a regular basis should be tuned based on the use of the piano. General "home" tuning takes place once a year for cleaning and tuning. Serious musicians and churches should have theirs tuned twice a year. More frequent tuning may be required, based on use, temperature variation, humidity, and other factors.

Pitch Raise

Over time, pianos lose their pitch, due to massive pressures placed on the strings, harp, body, etc. This is due to the piano "relaxing" the tension on strings over time. When a piano is more than 10 cents out of tune, a pitch raise is strongly recommended. A more lengthy appointment is required to bring the piano "into tune".

A piano, like any other instrument, wears down over time. Some deterioration is due to frequency of use. Other deterioration is because of the material used to create an instrument. Although pianos are made with the best materials available, decay over time can cause some parts to soften or break. Sometimes difficult to replace, custom methods may be employed to make the piano operate as expected.